Atmospheric Controls on Elephant Comm
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چکیده
acceler acousti (1985) system animal Fristru transm describ of soun and treat high-frequency sound transmission in the atmosphere in terms of rays. Payne et al. (1986) were the first to document the use of lowfrequency sound or infrasound by elephants. Initial studies of elephants begun in zoos (Payne et al. 1986; Langbauer et al. 1989) were extended to the wild (Poole et al. 1988; Langbauer et al. 1991). These studies show that elephants use infrasound with fundamental frequencies from 14 to 35 Hz for longdistance communication at ranges up to 4 km. The apparent selection of lowover high-frequency sound by these animals may have been because the transmission of sound of higher frequency is limited in range by atmospheric attenuation. Evolutionary selection for long-range low-frequency communication would be further enhanced by the existence of a low-frequency sound channel. The sound channel would have to be relatively stable and contain relatively still air (low rwise
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تاریخ انتشار 1995